英語(yǔ)的書面表達(dá)題一直以來便是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的短板。也是各位學(xué)生每一年丟分較多的題型，怎樣讓你的英語(yǔ)作文范文在2021年的考試中得到到你理想化的成績(jī)?cè)谶@里，四川成考網(wǎng)向諸位學(xué)生給予提升英文寫作的建議，即研修、記誦、背誦、有聲翻譯、效仿，歸納出塑造寫作水平的五個(gè)層面，如能嚴(yán)苛遵循，定能峰回路轉(zhuǎn)。
 

　　研修

　　“沒規(guī)矩，沒有規(guī)矩。”針對(duì)一般英語(yǔ)學(xué)生來講，寫下優(yōu)秀的文章依賴于后天性習(xí)得，但并不代表著機(jī)械設(shè)備記誦、生吞活剝，或是生搬硬套照搬、以偏概全。說白了研修，必須有獨(dú)立思想和本人的分辨，秉著“它山之石，它山之石”的精神實(shí)質(zhì)，吸取文章內(nèi)容的精華一部分多方面科學(xué)研究。研修關(guān)鍵偏重于2個(gè)層面，包含文章內(nèi)容技巧和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。文章內(nèi)容技巧指文章內(nèi)容的行文思路、謀篇布局、構(gòu)造分配、說明順序。很多學(xué)生應(yīng)對(duì)一個(gè)話題討論，很有可能出現(xiàn)2種不一樣的疑惑，一是下筆千言，但離題萬里；二是感慨萬千，卻難以下筆。造成二種疑惑的根本原因皆取決于缺乏獨(dú)立思考、機(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)思的合理方法，以致于文章內(nèi)容為稻粱謀、技巧混亂。這就需要大家從全文主脈視角多研修范例，以后理解怎樣以演繹推理寫作、如何用歸納推理謀篇及其怎樣緊緊圍繞特殊話題討論擴(kuò)展構(gòu)思這些。除此之外，研修還需要偏重于語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力，包含布局謀篇和語(yǔ)句、文章段落中間的各種各樣對(duì)接方式，以用在自身日后的撰寫中大展身手，由于英文寫作皆通一理。僅有擅于參考，勤加科學(xué)研究，才會(huì)借別人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)，提升自己的寫作能力。
 

　　記誦

　　記誦是提升創(chuàng)作的又一重要途徑。要學(xué)精創(chuàng)作，最先要正確處理好語(yǔ)言表達(dá)鍵入與輸入輸出中間的關(guān)聯(lián)。前面一種是后面的必要條件。假如大腦空空如也，就壓根算不上寫下像模像樣的文章內(nèi)容。僅有讀過很多物品，而且有目的地將在其中精彩紛呈一部分存儲(chǔ)于記憶力當(dāng)中（commit the highlights to memory），才可以確保落筆順暢、文通字順。因而，記誦針對(duì)創(chuàng)作極其重要。但記誦并不是無意識(shí)記憶，只是有目的性的記誦，是令人難忘的記憶力。由于機(jī)械設(shè)備記誦的最后要不是記憶力迅速就化為烏有、了無痕跡，要不是沒法以不變應(yīng)萬變、付諸行動(dòng)。記誦包含五個(gè)層面：關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)匯、常見套語(yǔ)、精彩句子、優(yōu)秀段落、經(jīng)典章節(jié)。
 

　　關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)匯

　　美好的措辭及配搭皆在這里列，像fall victim（被害），stand a fair chance（大有希望）這類正宗的動(dòng)賓配搭要勤加記憶力。為了更好地累積創(chuàng)作語(yǔ)匯，應(yīng)將原文中同為一個(gè)話題討論的用語(yǔ)匯總梳理，構(gòu)成主題內(nèi)容族（topic family）。分類記憶力能夠使自身日后即寫即用，游刃有余。下面是一篇詮釋善心的優(yōu)秀文章，好幾處措辭精致，現(xiàn)將原文中有關(guān)善心這一題材的語(yǔ)匯匯總以下：

　　emotional strength  感情的能量

　　the noblest of human emotions  人們最大尚的感情

　　no thought of gain  無私無畏

　　the lamp of love  善心之燈

　　help the victims of natural disasters  援助洪澇災(zāi)害受害人

　　donate whatever they can  傾囊相助

　　help their needy fellow citizens  協(xié)助有須要的同胞們

　　be ready to give a helping hand  隨時(shí)隨地提前準(zhǔn)備伸出援手

　　When we use the word “love”，we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex，which is a very narrow definition of the word. Love is emotional strength，which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact，throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions.

　　As an example of the power of love，we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards，people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can ― be it money or goods ― to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover，they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.

　　In my opinion，the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble，no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way，we can help to make the world a better place，for the darker the shadows of sorrow become，the more brightly the lamp of love shines.

　　在我們用“愛”這個(gè)詞時(shí)，大家不僅指異性朋友對(duì)一個(gè)人的吸引住，這僅僅對(duì)這個(gè)詞十分狹小的表述。愛心是一種感情的能量，無論大家周邊的全球多么的黑喑，善心都能支持大家。實(shí)際上，縱覽歷史時(shí)間，不一樣文化的特點(diǎn)的人都把愛當(dāng)做是人們最大尚的感情。

　　說到愛成為你自己，大家立刻便會(huì)想到每一年我國(guó)各族群眾是怎樣積極響應(yīng)援助洪澇災(zāi)害受害人的。雖然依照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)她們的收益還處在適度性，全國(guó)人民果斷地傾囊相助――無論是錢或是物――協(xié)助一些有須要的同胞們。并且，她們這樣做并不考慮到自身的得與失。

　　我覺得，表述善心的較好方法是協(xié)助比大家更為悲劇的人。大家應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)籌備向有難題的人外伸援手，不管它們是家庭主要成員或是素昧平生。那樣，大家就可以助一臂之力把全球變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)更美妙的地區(qū)，由于，憂傷的黑影越黑喑，善心之燈的光輝就越閃耀。
 

　　常見套語(yǔ)

　　套語(yǔ)指時(shí)興的公式法語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，在創(chuàng)作中適度應(yīng)用頗必須。如在商業(yè)信函末尾，期待另一方早日回應(yīng)的表達(dá)形式就需要遵循套語(yǔ)的基本原則，使表述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得當(dāng)。下招聘面試舉一些事例：

　　Kindly favor us with an early reply. 請(qǐng)?jiān)缛召n復(fù)。

　　Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated.  如能立即回應(yīng)，將不勝感謝。

　　We look forward to hearing from you soon.  早日回應(yīng)。

　　We are expecting your prompt reply.  急盼回應(yīng)。

　　Please have the kindness to answer this letter quickly.  請(qǐng)?jiān)缛諒?fù)信。

　　Kindly let us have your reply at your earliest convenience.  請(qǐng)?jiān)谀憬輹r(shí)盡快賜函。

　　We would appreciate it if you could respond right away.  如能立刻回應(yīng)，將不勝感謝。

　　當(dāng)今時(shí)興應(yīng)考創(chuàng)作模版，即套語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用圍繞論文自始至終，為學(xué)員給予萬能公式型的文章內(nèi)容底梁，每句話表述皆由固定不動(dòng)套語(yǔ)圈定，學(xué)生只需背下套入句式、銜接詞句，在測(cè)試中依據(jù)特殊考試題添充主要內(nèi)容。這類應(yīng)考對(duì)策使列出的文章內(nèi)容裝腔作勢(shì)，生澀呆板，雖能夠讓學(xué)生合格通關(guān)，但肯定無法得到高分?jǐn)?shù)。套語(yǔ)的太多應(yīng)用何不能夠比成海洋中的救生圈，擁有它，只是能夠讓不擅游泳者保護(hù)生命，卻沒法自得遨游，一展泳姿。一般而言，套語(yǔ)比較裂縫，如應(yīng)用太多，文章內(nèi)容非常容易流于片面化，言之無物。創(chuàng)作宜動(dòng)靜結(jié)合，方式與信息相統(tǒng)一。下例是一篇較為在家學(xué)習(xí)與進(jìn)校念書誰優(yōu)誰劣的范例，原文中恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用了一些固定句式和銜接詞句，不但提升了表達(dá)作用，并且達(dá)到了類型與信息的統(tǒng)一。

　　There are two major arguments that can be made for studying at home. First，as advances in the electronic media have brought the whole world of scholarship into the home via the Internet and educational courses on TV，the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiring knowledge. Second，it is widely held that a person studies better in the familiar surroundings of his own home and when he can arrange his own study time.

　　But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to studying in the classroom，too. Being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilities and interests can be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge，whereas studying in solitude at home is boring for many people. More importantly，there can be no substitute for a good teacher，who must not only be able to impart facts and theories，but also to appraise and encourage his students.

　　Given the choice between these two methods of learning，I prefer the classroom. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on study in the midst of household chores，and disturbances from visitors and telephone calls. The classroom environment，I feel，is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of acquiring knowledge.

　　有關(guān)在家學(xué)習(xí)，我們可以明確提出2個(gè)關(guān)鍵論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。第一，因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)媒體層面獲得的發(fā)展把整個(gè)世界的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和電視上的教育課程帶到了家中，教室里已不是惟一獲得專業(yè)知識(shí)的場(chǎng)地。第二，大家廣泛認(rèn)為，在自個(gè)家中那樣了解的條件中，而且能自身分配學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，一個(gè)人能學(xué)得更強(qiáng)。

　　可是，我們不能忽略在教室里學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)也是有益處這一客觀事實(shí)。周邊全是工作能力相仿和興致相同的人也許會(huì)對(duì)獲得專業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)生很大的刺激性，而對(duì)很多人而言孤獨(dú)一人在家學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)有一些枯燥無味。更主要的是，沒什么能夠取代一個(gè)好教師，他不但可以傳道解惑，并且可以評(píng)定并激勵(lì)學(xué)員。

　　假如在二種學(xué)習(xí)的方法中挑選，我更喜歡在教室里學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)，由于我是那類難以在家務(wù)活瑣碎、顧客、電話的打攪下集中精力學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)的人。我覺得絕大多數(shù)人僅有在教室里才可以把所有時(shí)間放到獲得專業(yè)知識(shí)這一件十分關(guān)鍵的工作方面。
 

　　精彩句子

　　精彩句子指文章內(nèi)容中句型唯美、蘊(yùn)涵哲理的句子。精彩句子的記誦有利于創(chuàng)作時(shí)的飲用和效仿。如在閱讀文章老布什羅伯特。密特朗（John F. Kennedy）的就職演說（Inaugural Address）時(shí)，能夠記牢例如“Ask not what your country can do for you，ask what you can do for your country. ”（不必問我國(guó)能給你干什么，而要問能為國(guó)家干什么。）那樣的熱血傳奇妙句，如果你寫關(guān)于愛國(guó)（patriotism）主題風(fēng)格的寫作時(shí)，則能夠適度引入。現(xiàn)仍之上談話“善心”的文章內(nèi)容為例子，在其中非常值得記誦的語(yǔ)句為數(shù)不少。摘抄如下所示：

　　①Love is emotional strength，which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.

　　愛心是感情的能量，無論大家周邊的全球多么的黑喑，善心都能支持大家。

　　②People all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can ― be it money or goods ― to help their needy fellow citizens.

　　全國(guó)人民果斷地傾囊相助――無論是錢或是物――協(xié)助一些有須要的同胞們。

　　③The best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are.

　　表述善心的較好方法是協(xié)助比大家更為悲劇的人。

　　④The darker the shadows of sorrow become，the more brightly the lamp of love shines.

　　憂傷的黑影越黑喑，善心之燈的光輝就越閃耀。
 

　　優(yōu)秀段落

　　閱讀文章時(shí)，大家時(shí)常會(huì)遇到一些一眼就記住了的文章段落。這種文章段落或是表述順暢、文筆優(yōu)美，或是邏輯性周密、構(gòu)造認(rèn)真細(xì)致。依據(jù)表述必須，有不一樣的作用文章段落，如狀況表明段、見解闡述段、緣故例舉段、利與弊表述段、結(jié)果梳理段、發(fā)展趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)分析段、對(duì)策提議段等。有一些優(yōu)秀段落能夠做為撰寫的作用文章段落多方面記誦，針對(duì)大家擴(kuò)展構(gòu)思、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫作大有益處。在記誦全過程中，靈活運(yùn)用各種各樣作用文章段落的寫作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，自身在表示時(shí)就能游刃有余。下邊僅舉見解闡述段和對(duì)策提議段各一例。

　　見解闡述段（闡述“民俗文化應(yīng)當(dāng)變成世界文化”的見解）

　　A culture of one nation may become international，which is beneficial for all mankind. Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world，many people from different countries want to visit China. They will come to accept and love Chinese culture as a whole. In addition，Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people，who show great interest in it. Meanwhile，as more and more foreigners come to China，they bring aspects of their own culture to share with the Chinese people. In this way，people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together.

　　一個(gè)國(guó)家的企業(yè)文化很有可能變成世界文化，這對(duì)人類都有利。因?yàn)閲?guó)內(nèi)早已向外部打開了國(guó)境，很多來源于不一樣我國(guó)的人都期待看來一說中國(guó)。她們會(huì)逐漸接受并喜愛全部中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化應(yīng)當(dāng)落落大方地讓有興趣的老外共享。此外，伴隨著來我國(guó)的外地人愈來愈多，她們也把他們自己的文化藝術(shù)帶來了我們中國(guó)人。那樣，世界各地的大家就可以能夠更好地互相理解、和睦相處。

　　對(duì)策提議段（提議“社會(huì)老齡化”的處理對(duì)策）

　　The rapidity of the population's aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt， the key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile，importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security，welfare and service. What’s more，family care and community services should also be encouraged.

　　社會(huì)老齡化的加快使采用應(yīng)對(duì)措施越來越更加急迫。不容置疑，解決困難的關(guān)鍵是創(chuàng)建穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)。此外，應(yīng)當(dāng)高度重視總體的社會(huì)進(jìn)步，更改社保、褔?yán)蜆I(yè)務(wù)的滯后局勢(shì)。此外，應(yīng)當(dāng)激勵(lì)家中照顧和社區(qū)便民服務(wù)。
 

　　經(jīng)典章節(jié)

　　自古以來，英文寶藏中不斷涌現(xiàn)大量經(jīng)典優(yōu)秀作品，如林肯汽車的《葛底斯堡演說》（The Gettysburg Address），福克納的諾獎(jiǎng)演講（Banquet Speech），克山。凱勒的《給我三天光明》（Three Days to See）。這種內(nèi)容在文本的使用上手法精湛，在觀念意義上寓意深刻，讀來如獲至寶，文本唯美，啟發(fā)思維，含意韻致（full of exquisite words and truth，satisfying the mind，appealing to the heart）。那樣的文章內(nèi)容如不可以熟讀成誦，則沒法融匯貫通。記誦一定數(shù)目的精選名作既有利于提升自己布局謀篇的工作能力，也有利于提升自身抒發(fā)感情的深層。下邊的一篇小短文是美國(guó)思想家弗雷德里克（Bertrand Russell）個(gè)人傳記的前言一部分，名為What I Have Lived For（人生之路追求完美），簡(jiǎn)述了創(chuàng)作者一生追求完美的三種理想化，文章內(nèi)容在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)和觀念2個(gè)領(lǐng)域都稱得上經(jīng)典，非常值得記誦。

　　What I Have Lived For

　　Three passions，simple but overwhelmingly strong，have governed my life：the longing for love，the search for knowledge，and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions，like great winds，have blown me hither and thither，in a wayward course，over a deep ocean of anguish，reaching to the very verge of despair.

　　I have sought love，first，because it brings ecstasy ― ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it，next，because it relieves loneliness ― that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it，finally，because in the union of love I have seen，in a mystic miniature，the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought，and though it might seem too good for human life，this is what ― at last ― I have found.

　　With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this，but not much，I have achieved.

　　Love and knowledge，so far as they were possible，led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine，victims tortured by oppressors， helpless old people ― a hated burden to their sons，and the whole world of loneliness，poverty，and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil，but I can't，and I too suffer.

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